650–1300 CEIn-depth studyThe Kedukan Bukit inscription, dated to 682, photographed in a National Museum of Indonesia display. The catalogue description and camera date disagree, so no photograph year is asserted here.Picture source & rightsGunawan Kartapranata / Wikimedia Commons · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Resized and converted to WebP; derivative under the same licence · Licence termsAsia / TradeSrivijaya: rivers, seaways and Buddhist learning in early IndonesiaEarly Indonesian history was shaped by river communities, ports and religious journeys. Srivijaya connected southern Sumatra to wider Asian exchange without resembling a modern nation with fixed borders.Read →